- Dm. Uljanova, 19
117036, Moscow, Russia
- Landscape Archaeology, Archaeological GIS, Early Medieval Archaeology, Remote Sensing (Archaeology), Archaeological Geophysics, Medieval rural settlement, and 6 moreEarly Medieval And Medieval Settlement (Archaeology), Fortified Settlements (Archaeology), Archaeology of Caucasus, Barbarians societies, Late Antiquity, Ethnogenesis, Funerary World, Goths, Vandals, Sueves, Alans, Computer Applications & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology (CAA), and Ancient Agriculture & Farming (Archaeology)edit
- n,.m.,m./,m/.,edit
Монография посвящена изучению системы расселения и использования окружающих ландшафтов аланским населением Центрального Предкавказья на протяжении I тыс. н.э. Основным источником работы стали укрепления и поселения Кисловодской котловины,... more
Монография посвящена изучению системы расселения и использования окружающих ландшафтов аланским населением Центрального Предкавказья на протяжении I тыс. н.э. Основным
источником работы стали укрепления и поселения Кисловодской котловины, где в течение семнадцати полевых сезонов, с 1996 по 2013 гг., автором проведены рекогносцировочные обследования
284 памятников (153 укрепленных и 131 неукрепленный поселений) и более детальные полевые работы на 61 памятнике (43 укрепления, 9 поселений и 9 могильников).
В двух томах монографии обобщаются результаты исследования. В томе 1 рассматривается история исследования системы расселения в раннем Средневековье в отечественной и зарубежной литературе, проводится классификация укрепленных и неукрепленных поселений, изучение их хронологии и пространственных особенностей размещения поселений разных типов, пространственное ГИС-моделирование потенциальных ресурсных зон каждого места обитания, моделирование пахотных и пастбищно-сенокосных угодий поселений разных хронологических периодов.
Завершает монографию анализ эволюции системы расселения в изучаемый период с учетом этнографических данных и сравнительный анализ с системами расселения других европейских народов эпохи раннего Средневековья.
Том 2 представляет собой подробный каталог использованных в исследовании памятников.
Книга рассчитана на археологов, историков, студентов и широкий круг читателей, интересующихся раннесредневековой археологией Северного Кавказа и применением современных
геоинформационных технологий в археологии.
источником работы стали укрепления и поселения Кисловодской котловины, где в течение семнадцати полевых сезонов, с 1996 по 2013 гг., автором проведены рекогносцировочные обследования
284 памятников (153 укрепленных и 131 неукрепленный поселений) и более детальные полевые работы на 61 памятнике (43 укрепления, 9 поселений и 9 могильников).
В двух томах монографии обобщаются результаты исследования. В томе 1 рассматривается история исследования системы расселения в раннем Средневековье в отечественной и зарубежной литературе, проводится классификация укрепленных и неукрепленных поселений, изучение их хронологии и пространственных особенностей размещения поселений разных типов, пространственное ГИС-моделирование потенциальных ресурсных зон каждого места обитания, моделирование пахотных и пастбищно-сенокосных угодий поселений разных хронологических периодов.
Завершает монографию анализ эволюции системы расселения в изучаемый период с учетом этнографических данных и сравнительный анализ с системами расселения других европейских народов эпохи раннего Средневековья.
Том 2 представляет собой подробный каталог использованных в исследовании памятников.
Книга рассчитана на археологов, историков, студентов и широкий круг читателей, интересующихся раннесредневековой археологией Северного Кавказа и применением современных
геоинформационных технологий в археологии.
Research Interests:
Монография посвящена изучению системы расселения и использования окружающих ландшафтов аланским населением Центрального Предкавказья на протяжении I тыс. н.э. Основным источником работы стали укрепления и поселения Кисловодской котловины,... more
Монография посвящена изучению системы расселения и использования окружающих ландшафтов аланским населением Центрального Предкавказья на протяжении I тыс. н.э. Основным
источником работы стали укрепления и поселения Кисловодской котловины, где в течение семнадцати полевых сезонов, с 1996 по 2013 гг., автором проведены рекогносцировочные обследования
284 памятников (153 укрепленных и 131 неукрепленного поселений) и более детальные полевые работы на 61 памятнике (43 укрепления, 9 поселений и 9 могильников).
В двух томах монографии обобщаются результаты исследования. В томе 1 рассматривается история исследования системы расселения в раннем Средневековье в отечественной и зарубежной литературе, проводится классификация укрепленных и неукрепленных поселений, изучение их хронологии и пространственных особенностей размещения поселений разных типов, пространственное ГИС-моделирование потенциальных ресурсных зон каждого места обитания, моделирование пахотных и пастбищно-сенокосных угодий поселений разных хронологических периодов.
Завершает монографию анализ эволюции системы расселения в изучаемый период с учетом этнографических данных и сравнительный анализ с системами расселения других европейских народов эпохи раннего Средневековья.
Том 2 представляет собой подробный каталог использованных в исследовании памятников.
Книга рассчитана на археологов, историков, студентов и широкий круг читателей, интересующихся раннесредневековой археологией Северного Кавказа и применением современных
геоинформационных технологий в археологии.
источником работы стали укрепления и поселения Кисловодской котловины, где в течение семнадцати полевых сезонов, с 1996 по 2013 гг., автором проведены рекогносцировочные обследования
284 памятников (153 укрепленных и 131 неукрепленного поселений) и более детальные полевые работы на 61 памятнике (43 укрепления, 9 поселений и 9 могильников).
В двух томах монографии обобщаются результаты исследования. В томе 1 рассматривается история исследования системы расселения в раннем Средневековье в отечественной и зарубежной литературе, проводится классификация укрепленных и неукрепленных поселений, изучение их хронологии и пространственных особенностей размещения поселений разных типов, пространственное ГИС-моделирование потенциальных ресурсных зон каждого места обитания, моделирование пахотных и пастбищно-сенокосных угодий поселений разных хронологических периодов.
Завершает монографию анализ эволюции системы расселения в изучаемый период с учетом этнографических данных и сравнительный анализ с системами расселения других европейских народов эпохи раннего Средневековья.
Том 2 представляет собой подробный каталог использованных в исследовании памятников.
Книга рассчитана на археологов, историков, студентов и широкий круг читателей, интересующихся раннесредневековой археологией Северного Кавказа и применением современных
геоинформационных технологий в археологии.
Research Interests:
В настоящем издании публикуются тезисы докладов, прочитанных на Третьей Международной конференции «Археология и геинформатика», прошедшей в Институте археологи РАН 24–26 мая 2017 г. Конференция объединила специалистов в области применения... more
В настоящем издании публикуются тезисы докладов, прочитанных на Третьей Международной конференции «Археология и геинформатика», прошедшей в Институте археологи РАН 24–26 мая
2017 г. Конференция объединила специалистов в области применения геоинформационных систем, данных дистанционного зондирования, трехмерного компьютерного моделирования и геофизики в археологических исследованиях.
Книга предназначена археологам, историкам, студентам исторических специальностей и всем, интересующимся историей.
2017 г. Конференция объединила специалистов в области применения геоинформационных систем, данных дистанционного зондирования, трехмерного компьютерного моделирования и геофизики в археологических исследованиях.
Книга предназначена археологам, историкам, студентам исторических специальностей и всем, интересующимся историей.
Research Interests:
В монографии представлены результаты изучения биологической активности почв и культурных слоев археологических памятников. Рассмотрены особенности изменений микробной биомассы, ферментативной активности, структуры почвенного микробного... more
В монографии представлены результаты изучения биологической активности почв и культурных слоев археологических памятников. Рассмотрены особенности изменений микробной биомассы, ферментативной активности, структуры почвенного микробного сообщества в результате различной антропогенной деятельности в раннем Средневековье.
Для специалистов в области почвоведения, почвенной микробиологии и энзимологии, археологии, истории.
Для специалистов в области почвоведения, почвенной микробиологии и энзимологии, археологии, истории.
Research Interests:
Монография посвящена результатам нового комплексного исследования террасного земледелия Кисловодской котловины методами ГИС и археологического почвоведения для решения во- проса о времени возникновения и степени воздействия этого феномена... more
Монография посвящена результатам нового комплексного исследования террасного земледелия Кисловодской котловины методами ГИС и археологического почвоведения для решения во-
проса о времени возникновения и степени воздействия этого феномена на экологию и ландшафты региона. Полевым исследованиям предшествовал этап создания географо-информационной системы террасного земледелия Кисловодской котловины, что позволило обоснованно сопоставить ареалы террасирования с поселенческими памятниками разных эпох и культур. В течение 2005–2012 гг. были проведены масштабные полевые исследования террас и других участков древнего земледелия в Кисловодской котловине. В результате были получены новые данные о времени создания и использования участков террасного земледелия разных видов, открыты новые, ранее неизвестные, формы земельных наделов, реконструирована эволюция ландшафтных и климатических условий существования земледелия в разные эпохи.
Книга предназначена для археологов, почвоведов, историков и широкого круга читателей, интересующихся древней и средневековой историей Северного Кавказа.
проса о времени возникновения и степени воздействия этого феномена на экологию и ландшафты региона. Полевым исследованиям предшествовал этап создания географо-информационной системы террасного земледелия Кисловодской котловины, что позволило обоснованно сопоставить ареалы террасирования с поселенческими памятниками разных эпох и культур. В течение 2005–2012 гг. были проведены масштабные полевые исследования террас и других участков древнего земледелия в Кисловодской котловине. В результате были получены новые данные о времени создания и использования участков террасного земледелия разных видов, открыты новые, ранее неизвестные, формы земельных наделов, реконструирована эволюция ландшафтных и климатических условий существования земледелия в разные эпохи.
Книга предназначена для археологов, почвоведов, историков и широкого круга читателей, интересующихся древней и средневековой историей Северного Кавказа.
Research Interests:
В издании публикуются материалы докладов, представленных на Международной научной конференции “Е.И. Крупнов и развитие археологии Северного Кавказа” – XXVIII Крупновские чтения, посвященные 110-летию со дня рождения выдающегося... more
В издании публикуются материалы докладов, представленных на Международной научной конференции “Е.И. Крупнов и развитие археологии Северного Кавказа” – XXVIII Крупновские чтения, посвященные 110-летию со дня рождения выдающегося ученого-кавказоведа, археолога, доктора исторических наук, профессора, лауреата
Ленинской премии Евгения Игнатьевича Крупнова (1904-1970). Тематика докладов отражает широкий круг проводимых археологических исследований, охватывающих хронологический диапазон от каменного века до позднего средневековья.
Книга предназначена археологам, историкам, студентам исторических специальностей и всем интересующимся историей Северного Кавказа.
Ленинской премии Евгения Игнатьевича Крупнова (1904-1970). Тематика докладов отражает широкий круг проводимых археологических исследований, охватывающих хронологический диапазон от каменного века до позднего средневековья.
Книга предназначена археологам, историкам, студентам исторических специальностей и всем интересующимся историей Северного Кавказа.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Early Medieval Archaeology, Ancient DNA (Archaeology), Remote Sensing (Archaeology), Archaeology of Caucasus, Ancient DNA Research, and 4 moreAncient Agriculture & Farming (Archaeology), Alans, Medieval Alans, and Barbarians societies, Late Antiquity, Ethnogenesis, Funerary World, Goths, Vandals, Sueves, Alans
Research Interests:
The article considers a new multidisciplinary approach to the study of ancient and medieval landscapes of the Kislovodsk basin. The basin is a special area of the North Caucasus not only due to its natural conditions, but also because of... more
The article considers a new multidisciplinary approach to the study of ancient and medieval landscapes of the Kislovodsk basin. The basin is a special area of the North Caucasus not only due to its natural conditions, but also because of the unique degree of preservation of archaeological sites. A special direction in studying the settlement system of the ancient and medieval population of the Kislovodsk basin was the investigation of traces of their agricultural activities, which is recognized in the landscape in the form of terraces and agricultural allotments of various types. As a result of large scale soil and archaeological research, a new reconstruction of the forms of agricultural
plots in the vicinity of Kislovodsk was proposed. In recent years, a study of stone fences used for keeping livestock in the high and middle mountainous terrain has been carried out. It is established that the medieval population of the Kislovodsk basin used cattle sites differently according to the season. Thus, it is possible to reconstruct the form
of cattle breeding as an alpine one.
plots in the vicinity of Kislovodsk was proposed. In recent years, a study of stone fences used for keeping livestock in the high and middle mountainous terrain has been carried out. It is established that the medieval population of the Kislovodsk basin used cattle sites differently according to the season. Thus, it is possible to reconstruct the form
of cattle breeding as an alpine one.
Research Interests:
Исследование является по сути первой попыткой детально рассмотреть эволюцию системы расселения аланского населения Кисловодской котловины на протяжении I тыс. н.э. на основе использования методов пространственного ГИС-анализа и... more
Исследование является по сути первой попыткой детально рассмотреть эволюцию системы расселения аланского населения Кисловодской котловины на протяжении I тыс. н.э. на основе использования методов пространственного ГИС-анализа и ландшафтной археологии (landscape archaeology). Проведенный анализ пространственного распространения поселений, связываемых с аланским населением Кисловодской котловины I тыс. н.э., и моделирование окружающих их ресурсных зон позволяет проследить переход от цепи пограничных укреплений, возникших во II‒IV вв. н.э., к дисперсной системе расселения, характерной для V‒VIII вв. В этот период Кисловодская котловина, скорее всего, представляла собой типичное для некоторых стран
Северной Европы племенное «королевство», связываемое письменными источниками этого времени с аланским племенным образованием аш-тигоров. В последующую эпоху (X‒XII вв.) происходит значительная концентрация населения в крупных поселенческих центрах, напоминающих средневековые города, что является отражением постепенного складывания государственного образования – средневековой Алании.
Северной Европы племенное «королевство», связываемое письменными источниками этого времени с аланским племенным образованием аш-тигоров. В последующую эпоху (X‒XII вв.) происходит значительная концентрация населения в крупных поселенческих центрах, напоминающих средневековые города, что является отражением постепенного складывания государственного образования – средневековой Алании.
Research Interests:
The article examines the results of the paleogenetic study of anthropological materials obtained from the catacomb burials of the Alanian culture of the North Caucasus and the Middle Don in Ist Mill. AD against the background of available... more
The article examines the results of the paleogenetic study of anthropological materials obtained from the catacomb burials of the Alanian culture of the North Caucasus and the Middle Don in Ist Mill. AD against the background of available data on the genetic originality of the modern population of the region.
Research Interests:
В статье приводятся некоторые результаты комплексных исследований мест содержания скота – каменных оград и скальных навесов, проводившихся в 2015–2016 гг. в среднегорной и высокогорной зонах Кисловодской котловины. Внутри каменных оград и... more
В статье приводятся некоторые результаты комплексных исследований мест содержания скота – каменных оград и скальных навесов, проводившихся в 2015–2016 гг. в среднегорной и высокогорной зонах Кисловодской котловины. Внутри каменных оград и вокруг них осуществлялись топографическая съемка и шурфовка, фотограмметрическая фиксация каменных сооружений, устраивались фоновые почвенные разрезы. Проанализированы археоботанические остатки, стабильные изотопы и пыльца, полученные из зоогенных отложений. Осуществлен анализ морфолого-генетических, химичеких и микробиологических свойств почв в загонах и скальных навесах. Проведенные комплексные исследования каменных загонов позволяют надежно отнести возникновение подобных сооружений к позднему бронзовому – раннему железному веку и к раннему средневековью и выявить следы их переиспользования в Новое и Новейшее время. Предварительные наблюдения позволяют наметить сезонное использование аланским населением Кисловодской котловины мест содержания скота в субальпийской зоне, предположительно в весенне-летний период, и в непосредственной близости от поселений во внутренних территориях котловины – в осенне-зимний.
The article summarizes results of the comprehensive research of cattle maintenance locations – stone fencings and rock shelters – conducted in the mid- and high-mountainous areas of the Kislovodsk Depression in 2015–2016. Inside the stone... more
The article summarizes results of the comprehensive research of cattle maintenance locations – stone fencings and rock shelters – conducted in the mid- and high-mountainous areas of the Kislovodsk Depression in 2015–2016. Inside the stone fences and around them, topographic surveying, testdrilling, and photogrammetric fixation of stone structures were carried out, background soil cuts were executed. The archaeobotanical remains, stable isotopes and pollen obtained from zoogenic deposits were analyzed. An analysis of the morphological-genetic, chemical and microbiological properties of soils in enclosures and rock shelters was undertaken. The comprehensive studies of stone enclosures allow reliable dating the emergence of such structures by the late Bronze Age – the early Iron Age and the early Middle Ages and to reveal traces of their re-use in the Modern and Contemporary Times.
Preliminary observations allow us to locate the seasonal cattle maintenance by the Alanian population
of the Kislovodsk Depression in the subalpine zone, presumably in spring and summer, and in the
immediate vicinity of the settlements in the interior of the depression in autumn and winter.
Preliminary observations allow us to locate the seasonal cattle maintenance by the Alanian population
of the Kislovodsk Depression in the subalpine zone, presumably in spring and summer, and in the
immediate vicinity of the settlements in the interior of the depression in autumn and winter.
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ABSTRACT. Aim. Determination of the agricultural terraces characteristics in Dagestan. Methods. Key areas are chosen in the immediate vicinity to the previously investigated settlements of the Bronze Age, where the representative sections... more
ABSTRACT. Aim. Determination of the agricultural terraces characteristics in Dagestan. Methods. Key areas are chosen in the immediate vicinity to the previously investigated settlements of the Bronze Age, where the representative sections of agricultural terraces are studied, the remotely sensed data are analyzed, the paleogeographic reconstruction and soil exploration are conducted. Results. Soils of the Mountainous Dagestan almost completely transformed by continuous terracing, but the spatial distribution of the terraces is quite heterogeneous. The terraces of the region are diversed. According to our data terraces with land-slopes occupies the maximum area among them. During the centuries-old treatment of areas the "bulk" terraces were created of farmers by at first, and then with the growing demand for arable land all slopes were subjected to terracing and arable terraces were created. Formation of land-terraces with slopes was a long, but relatively ongoing process. Nowadays almost all the terraces of this group are presented by "arable" terraces. Conclusions. Under adverse conditions terraces data are varied the speed of the transformation, under favorable situation the conditions for long-term preservation and intensive accumulation of silt and the growth of soil profiles are created on such terraces.
Keywords: agricultural terraces, Holocene, the Caucasus, agriculture.
Keywords: agricultural terraces, Holocene, the Caucasus, agriculture.
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Статья посвящена результатам трёхлетней работы авторского коллектива по созданию первой отечественной археологической карты национального масштаба. Геоинформационная система “Археологические памятники России” содержит сведения о 15 367... more
Статья посвящена результатам трёхлетней работы авторского коллектива по созданию первой отечественной археологической карты национального масштаба. Геоинформационная система “Археологические памятники России” содержит сведения о 15 367 объектах археологического наследия и 11 489 археологических шурфовках без признаков наличия древностей, которые получены из научных отчётов 2009–2012 гг. Данная выборка отражает размах ведущихся в последние годы археологических работ, пространственное распределение памятников археологии на территории страны, а также степень и пути освоения этих территорий в различные исторические периоды.Mak
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The article is devoted to the impact of ancient agriculture on soils and landscapes of the Kislovodsk basin. On the basis of pedological and archaeological investigations, we found that the population of the Koban culture (1200e600 BC) of... more
The article is devoted to the impact of ancient agriculture on soils and landscapes of the Kislovodsk basin. On the basis of pedological and archaeological investigations, we found that the population of the Koban culture (1200e600 BC) of the Kislovodsk basin had a highly-developed agriculture. By the middle of the first millennium BC, more than 60e70% (over 120 km 2) of the slope areas and interfluve plateaus at the heights between 900 and 1500 m a.s.l. was terraced. The strongest anthropogenic transformation of soils and landscapes in the region coincided with drastic changes in climatic conditions at the turn of Sub-boreal to Subatlantic periods. As a result of increasing precipitation and cooling in the middle of the first millennium BC, erosion processes became generally more active. In the region of our study, they were especially strong in consequence of the absence of meadow vegetation. However, the widespread distribution of terraces with horizontal surfaces prevented the formation of ravines on the slopes. The soil and upper part of bedrock washed from the slope of the upper terraces was deposited on the surface of the underlying terrace. As a result, the Bronze Age anthrosols of the terraces were covered by thick layers of slope sediments. The middle of the first millennium BC may be considered as a zero-point of the current stage of soil formation in the Kislovodsk basin. The subsequent warming combined with a decrease of precipitation at the second half of the first millennium BC caused the stabilization of sedi-mentation and the beginning of the current stage of soil formation in the region.
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This paper summarises the results of the work that was performed while compiling the first national GIS »Archaeological Monuments of Russia«. The system of description of archaeological sites and locations of trial trenches with the... more
This paper summarises the results of the work that was performed while compiling the first national GIS »Archaeological Monuments of Russia«. The system of description of archaeological sites and locations of trial trenches with the possibility of computer-aided mapping was created within the Russian Science Foundation project (no. 14-1893755). As of now, it includes information about 15,367 objects of archaeological heritage and 11,230 test pits with no signs of cultural deposits or any indication of ancient monuments in the explored areas according to 2009-2012 reports. The paper examines the spatial-chronological distribution of the existing sites over the entire territory of Russia. On the one hand, such data reflects the degree of development of vast areas in different time periods. On the other hand, it shows the researchers’ interest in the antiquities of different periods and regions manifested in their choice of fieldwork objects.
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This paper summarizes the work at the creation of the first national-scale GIS ‘The Archaeological Sites of Russia’. A system of description of archaeological sites and location of trial trenches in the form of Terek, an automatic system... more
This paper summarizes the work at the creation of the first national-scale GIS ‘The Archaeological Sites of Russia’. A system of description of archaeological sites and location of trial trenches in the form of
Terek, an automatic system of information proceeding with provision for computer-aided mapping was elaborated within the ranges of the project of the Russian Scientific Foundation no. 14-1803755. As of present it includes the data of 15367 objects of archaeological heritage and 11230 trial trenches not containing cultural deposits or any indications of the presence of ancient monuments in the relevant areas taken from reports of 2009–2012. The paper examines spatio-chronological distribution of the existing information over the entire territory of the Russian Federation. The data are indicative, on the one hand, of the degree of reclamation of vast areas in different periods and the interest of researchers to the antiquities pertaining to certain time spans in different regions manifested in the choice of feldwork objects, on the other.
Terek, an automatic system of information proceeding with provision for computer-aided mapping was elaborated within the ranges of the project of the Russian Scientific Foundation no. 14-1803755. As of present it includes the data of 15367 objects of archaeological heritage and 11230 trial trenches not containing cultural deposits or any indications of the presence of ancient monuments in the relevant areas taken from reports of 2009–2012. The paper examines spatio-chronological distribution of the existing information over the entire territory of the Russian Federation. The data are indicative, on the one hand, of the degree of reclamation of vast areas in different periods and the interest of researchers to the antiquities pertaining to certain time spans in different regions manifested in the choice of feldwork objects, on the other.
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N.A. Makarov, O.V. Zelentsova, D.S. Korobov, A.N. Voroshilov, A.P. Chernikov. Geo-information system «Archaeological sites of Russia»: methodic approaches for its elaboration and the first results obtained (in Russian). In: Kratkie soobstcheniya Instituta arkheologii RAN. Vyp. 237. 2015. P. 7-19.more
In the article there are grounded the methods used for the creation of the Is (information system) «archaeological sites of russia» as a unified geo-information system on a nation-wide scale, which brings together information on... more
In the article there are grounded the methods used for the creation of the Is (information system) «archaeological sites of russia» as a unified geo-information system on a nation-wide scale, which brings together information on archaeological-heritage sites throughout the territory of our country The Db is compiled basing on archaeological field
reports preserved in the archives of the Institute of archaeology of the russian academy of sciences The paper discusses the principles underlying the compilation of a general Db for objects of archaeological heritage based on the stage-by-stage input of sites identified at various times throughout the territory of russia It starts with sites investigated in recent years, with gradually added sites where research was carried before This approach makes it possible to encompass the whole corpus of our archaeological heritage on a nation-wide scale, thus providing a general picture of field research relating to specific periods in time. The paper presents the first results of compiling the geo-information system: now it includes over 10 000 fields containing data on archaeological sites investigated in various regions of the russian Federation in 2011–2012 The data obtained during archaeological field surveys which have recorded the absence of archaeological antiquities in specific locations are also included in Db The first experience gleaned from the input of data into the Is has shown that the project’s proposed plan for ntegrating data on archaeological sites is realistic and productive.
reports preserved in the archives of the Institute of archaeology of the russian academy of sciences The paper discusses the principles underlying the compilation of a general Db for objects of archaeological heritage based on the stage-by-stage input of sites identified at various times throughout the territory of russia It starts with sites investigated in recent years, with gradually added sites where research was carried before This approach makes it possible to encompass the whole corpus of our archaeological heritage on a nation-wide scale, thus providing a general picture of field research relating to specific periods in time. The paper presents the first results of compiling the geo-information system: now it includes over 10 000 fields containing data on archaeological sites investigated in various regions of the russian Federation in 2011–2012 The data obtained during archaeological field surveys which have recorded the absence of archaeological antiquities in specific locations are also included in Db The first experience gleaned from the input of data into the Is has shown that the project’s proposed plan for ntegrating data on archaeological sites is realistic and productive.
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This paper is a preliminary publication of the burials discovered in the course of explorations of the kurgan cemetery known as Volchyi Vorota near K islovodsk, which were repeatedly destructed by looters over the past 30 years.... more
This paper is a preliminary publication of the burials discovered in the course of explorations of the kurgan cemetery known as Volchyi Vorota near K islovodsk, which were repeatedly destructed by looters over the past 30 years. Additional excavations were carried out in the two burials deposited in T-shaped catacombs (kurgans 11 and 17) in the eastern section of the kurgan group, these burials have also been plundered recently. The catacomb of kurgan 11 is an Alan burial typical for the early stage of this culture; the long axis of the chamber rectangular in plan and the wide axis of the entrance shaft were mutually perpendicular. The burial in kurgan 17 is typical for the early medieval times and was made in an oval chamber that could be accessed through a narrow long entrance pit with steps constructed along the width of the back wall. Based on the funeral offerings from kurgan 11 the researchers can refer there-excavated burial to the last quarter of the 4th century AD. In terms of the overall context and the retrieved finds, kurgan 17 dates back to the 5th – first half of the 6th centuries AD.
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This article considers the problem of the central role of settlements and identifiable centres of power in the Early Medieval period in the Kislovodsk depression. This question has not been investigated in detail in our country, whereas... more
This article considers the problem of the central role of settlements and identifiable centres of power in the Early Medieval period in the Kislovodsk depression. This question has not been investigated in detail in our country, whereas elsewhere the study of Early Medieval centres of power can be regarded as a distinct and well-established area of research. Preliminary analysis of Early Medieval settlements in the Kislovodsk depression (Fig. 2) makes it possible to single out several criteria for determining their central function: large area, structural features of buildings, the wealth and prestigious nature of grave goods, the marking out of clan areas within the concentration of elite burials.
Many of the features listed above are found in five out of the six fortified settlements built on rock buttes: Rim-Gora, Klin-Yar, Gornoye Ekho, Kugul and Tsentralnoye Eshkakonskoye, the Zubchikha 3 settlement and also the fortification known as Lermontovskaya Skala 1 (Fig. 3). Among the settlements of the 5th–8th cc. in the Kislovodsk depression which would appear to be of more or less equal importance, the fortified settlement Gornoye Ekho could lay claim to the role of micro-regional centre. The other sites are more likely to have been centres of power just for the local elite.
Many of the features listed above are found in five out of the six fortified settlements built on rock buttes: Rim-Gora, Klin-Yar, Gornoye Ekho, Kugul and Tsentralnoye Eshkakonskoye, the Zubchikha 3 settlement and also the fortification known as Lermontovskaya Skala 1 (Fig. 3). Among the settlements of the 5th–8th cc. in the Kislovodsk depression which would appear to be of more or less equal importance, the fortified settlement Gornoye Ekho could lay claim to the role of micro-regional centre. The other sites are more likely to have been centres of power just for the local elite.
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This article contains a historiographical review devoted to the development of ideas regarding settlement archaeology of the Early Medieval period in Southern Russia. It examines the history of the study of dwelling sites of the... more
This article contains a historiographical review devoted to the development of ideas regarding settlement archaeology of the Early Medieval period in Southern Russia. It examines the history of the study of dwelling sites of the Saltovo-Mayatsk culture situated in the forest-steppe zone and genetically linked with the population of the Northern Caucasus. The paper presents a detailed analysis of the main views regarding the origin and emergence of various types of settlement typical of the traditional cultural-historical approach to archaeological research and also of the methods which appeared in the 1980s and 1990s and took shape under the influence of " New Archaeology " in Great Britain and the USA.
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The paper publishes results of the social analysis of male and female graves from an early medieval cemetery of Klin-Yar 3 located near Kislovodsk. The burial offerings of 26 male and 26 female graves were studied by multivariate... more
The paper publishes results of the social analysis of male and female graves from an early medieval cemetery of Klin-Yar 3 located near Kislovodsk. The burial offerings of 26 male and 26 female graves were studied by multivariate statistical methods (cluster and correspondence analysis). The study resulted in identifying four groups of male graves that differ in the burial offering sets. In social terms, the most representative group of males is characterized by features typical for elite (such as deformed skulls, deformation of some body parts caused by horse riding and a military mode of life). Male individuals from this group were buried in a special elite plot, which implies development of hereditary aristocracy in the period under discussion (the 5th – 7th centuries). In contrast to the male graves, female burials do not provide a clear idea on social stratification using the data of the multivariate statistical analysis.
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In the context of searching for agricultural landscapes which have escaped recent anthropogenic disturbance, the evidence of the Kislovodsk basin (North Caucasus) has special importance. Its sheltered location and the fact that it is... more
In the context of searching for agricultural landscapes which have escaped recent anthropogenic disturbance, the evidence of the Kislovodsk basin (North Caucasus) has special importance. Its sheltered location and the fact that it is relatively well-studied, enable us to create, for the first time in Russia, an archaeological Geographic Information System (GIS) for the microregion, which currently includes data on over 920 archaeological sites, from the Aeneolithic to modern times. Preliminary analysis of the archaeological record of the Kislovodsk basin has revealed that the Early Medieval period dating to the fifth-eighth centuries AD was characterised by the highest population density. The Site Catchment Analysis used in the framework of GIS revealed over 120 fortified and unfortified settlements of the early medieval Alanic tribes. The investigation consisted of several stages in the course of which potential ploughing areas were modelled for each settlement. It was based on the combined archaeological and soil field survey around fortified settlements in the different parts of the area. It appears that from the fifth to the eighth centuries AD relatively flat territories of 1 km round the site were the most valuable for agriculture. The rest of the economic area, simulated using Thiessen tessellation, could have been used for pasture and hay-making. Computer simulation of the potential economic territories gives the possibility to determine the area of proposed ploughing and pasture holdings and to estimate the quantity of settled population along with their cattle. As a result, a modelling thesis of a small dimension of the patronymic society of the Alans who occupied these early medieval settlements and the affirmation of self-sufficiency of their economy were confirmed.
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ABSTRACT Anthropogenic impact in prehistoric settlements results in a considerable alteration of soil microbial communities depending on intensity and the character of human activities. This paper present a case study from a Late Bronze... more
ABSTRACT Anthropogenic impact in prehistoric settlements results in a considerable alteration of soil microbial communities depending on intensity and the character of human activities. This paper present a case study from a Late Bronze Age settlement located in the high-mountain part of the North Caucasus (Russia). The site represents a community, which presumably specialized in intensive livestock herding. Samples from settlement soils anthropogenically affected in the past and unmodified background soils were taken and studied. Of particular interest were divergences in soil microbial communities, expected to indicate different activities and animal presence in the site. The total microbial biomass, their respiratory activity, the biomass of fungal mycelium and the proportion of dark-colored hyphae were determined, as well as the quantitative state of keratinophilic fungi. The microbial characteristics vary considerably within the settlement locations, and contrast sharply with the reference soils exterior to the archaeological site. The cultural layer has higher percentage of active metabolizing microorganisms, whereas the total microbiological biomass is considerably lower than in the unmodified soils from the surroundings. A determining factor to transform the respiratory activity of microorganisms, in both qualitative and quantitative aspects, is the composition of the organic material which has been accumulated in the ground as a result of various human activities in the past. The cultural layers contain microorganisms, which can be reactivated when glucose is added. In the anthropogenically unmodified soils surrounding the prehistoric settlement, in contrast, 97% of the cells cannot be reactivated. Based on the mycological characteristics of the studied cultural layers and unmodified soils, in particular with regard to the total biomass of fungi mycelium, the dark pigmented fungal biomass, and the existence of keratin-decomposing soil fungi, detailed information about activity areas and their specific usage is given. The use of bio-indicators allows not only diagnosing anthropogenic impact in soils as such, but also significantly complements description of cultural layers of activity areas in the settlement, specifying their purpose. The paper presents the microbiological analyses applied and, moreover, discusses the potential of this approach as a non-destructive prospecting method on archaeological sites.
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ABSTRACT The results of the investigation into the history of soilscapes in the Kislovodsk Depression are discussed. It is shown that up to 60–70% of the area of slopes and interfluvial plateaus at the heights of 900–1500 m a.s.l. was... more
ABSTRACT The results of the investigation into the history of soilscapes in the Kislovodsk Depression are discussed. It is shown that up to 60–70% of the area of slopes and interfluvial plateaus at the heights of 900–1500 m a.s.l. was terraced in the Late Bronze-Early Iron ages, during the Kobansk cultural stage (1200–600 BC). Under these conditions, a sharp change in the climate with a considerable increase in the annual precipitation in the middle of the first millennium BC resulted in the activation of erosion and the formation of a layer of colluvial sediments overlying the buried soil on the terraces. Thus, the middle of the first millennium BC can be considered the zero moment for the modern stage of soil formation in the region. Problems of the current state of the terrace complexes and the development of erosion on them are also discussed.
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В издании публикуются материалы международной научной конференции «Социальная стратификация населения Кавказа в конце античности и нача- ле средневековья: археологические данные», прошедшей в г. Сухум (Абхазия) 31 мая – 5 июня 2015 г.... more
В издании публикуются материалы международной научной конференции
«Социальная стратификация населения Кавказа в конце античности и нача-
ле средневековья: археологические данные», прошедшей в г. Сухум (Абхазия)
31 мая – 5 июня 2015 г. В работах участников конференции рассматриваются
проблемы выявления критериев социальной стратификации древнего населения
обществ Кавказа и сопредельных территорий, проводится их сравнительное из-
учение с широким привлечением аналогий из других регионов Европы.
«Социальная стратификация населения Кавказа в конце античности и нача-
ле средневековья: археологические данные», прошедшей в г. Сухум (Абхазия)
31 мая – 5 июня 2015 г. В работах участников конференции рассматриваются
проблемы выявления критериев социальной стратификации древнего населения
обществ Кавказа и сопредельных территорий, проводится их сравнительное из-
учение с широким привлечением аналогий из других регионов Европы.
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Research Interests: Archaeological Science, Archaeological Method & Theory, Archaeometry, North Caucasus, Death and Burial (Archaeology), and 6 moreArchaeology of Caucasus, Archaeological Geophysics, Kurgans, Burial mounds (Archaeology), Alans, and Barbarians societies, Late Antiquity, Ethnogenesis, Funerary World, Goths, Vandals, Sueves, Alans
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This article considers the problem of the central role of settlements and identifiable centres of power in the Early Medieval period in the Kislovodsk depression. This question has not been investigated in detail in our country, whereas... more
This article considers the problem of the central role of settlements and identifiable centres of power in the Early Medieval period in the Kislovodsk depression. This
question has not been investigated in detail in our country, whereas elsewhere the study of Early Medieval centres of power can be regarded as a distinct and well-established area of research. Preliminary analysis of Early Medieval settlements in the Kislovodsk depression (Fig. 2) makes it possible to single out several criteria for determining their central function: large area, structural features of buildings, the wealth and prestigious nature of grave goods, the marking out of clan areas within the concentration of elite burials. Many of the features listed above are found in five out of the six fortified settlements built on rock buttes: Rim-Gora, Klin-Yar, Gornoye Ekho, Kugul and Tsentralnoye Eshkakonskoye, the Zubchikha 3 settlement and also the fortification known as Lermontovskaya Skala 1 (Fig. 3). Among the settlements of the 5th–8th cc. in the Kislovodsk depression which would appear to be of more or less equal importance, the fortified settlement Gornoye Ekho could lay claim to the role of micro-regional centre. The other sites are more likely to have been centres of power just for the local elite.
question has not been investigated in detail in our country, whereas elsewhere the study of Early Medieval centres of power can be regarded as a distinct and well-established area of research. Preliminary analysis of Early Medieval settlements in the Kislovodsk depression (Fig. 2) makes it possible to single out several criteria for determining their central function: large area, structural features of buildings, the wealth and prestigious nature of grave goods, the marking out of clan areas within the concentration of elite burials. Many of the features listed above are found in five out of the six fortified settlements built on rock buttes: Rim-Gora, Klin-Yar, Gornoye Ekho, Kugul and Tsentralnoye Eshkakonskoye, the Zubchikha 3 settlement and also the fortification known as Lermontovskaya Skala 1 (Fig. 3). Among the settlements of the 5th–8th cc. in the Kislovodsk depression which would appear to be of more or less equal importance, the fortified settlement Gornoye Ekho could lay claim to the role of micro-regional centre. The other sites are more likely to have been centres of power just for the local elite.
Research Interests:
This article contains a historiographical review devoted to the development of ideas regarding settlement archaeology of the Early Medieval period in Southern Russia. It examines the history of the study of dwelling sites of the... more
This article contains a historiographical review devoted to the development of ideas regarding settlement archaeology of the Early Medieval period in Southern Russia. It examines the history of the study of dwelling sites of the Saltovo-Mayatsk culture situated in the forest-steppe zone and genetically linked with the population of the Northern Caucasus. The paper presents a detailed analysis of the main views regarding the origin and emergence of various types of settlement typical of the traditional cultural-historical
approach to archaeological research and also of the methods which appeared in the 1980s and 1990s and took shape under the influence of “New Archaeology” in Great Britain and the USA.
approach to archaeological research and also of the methods which appeared in the 1980s and 1990s and took shape under the influence of “New Archaeology” in Great Britain and the USA.
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The paper is dedicated to publication and introduction to scientific database anthropological materials of the 4th cent.a.d. from Levopodkumskii 1 site, located in Kislovodsk basin. According to archaeological data two of the investigated... more
The paper is dedicated to publication and introduction to scientific database anthropological materials of the 4th cent.a.d. from Levopodkumskii 1 site, located in Kislovodsk basin. According to archaeological data two of the investigated skeletons belonged to Alan culture and one - to the aboriginal population of the area. The materials were investigated using craniological, osteological and paleopathological programs.
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The paper is dedicated to publication and introduction to scientific database anthropological materials of the 4th cent. a.d. from Levopodkumskii 1 site, located in Kislovodsk basin. According to archaeological data, two of the... more
The paper is dedicated to publication and introduction to scientific database anthropological materials of the 4th cent. a.d. from Levopodkumskii 1 site, located in Kislovodsk basin. According to archaeological data, two of the investigated skeletons belong to Alan culture and one – to the aborigial population of the area. The materials were investigated using craniological, osteological and paleopathological programs.
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The paper is devoted to the preliminary results from excavations at one of the first sites of the early period of the Alanian culture (2nd–4th cc. AD) in the Kislovodsk depression – the Levopodkumsky-1 kurgan cemetery with catacomb... more
The paper is devoted to the preliminary results from excavations at one of the first sites of the early period of the Alanian culture (2nd–4th cc. AD) in the Kislovodsk depression – the Levopodkumsky-1 kurgan cemetery with catacomb burials. The site was discovered during deciphering of aerial photographs and surveyed using magnetometry. A geophysical survey of two sectors revealed no less than 37 burial structures recognizable
thanks to the presence of ditches of roughly square shapes and with baulks of various types. Starting out from the results of the magnetic survey, burial-mounds 1 and 2 were excavated, which had been erected over catacomb burials. In the entrance pits of the catacombs disturbed horse burials were found and also some of the grave-goods, which had been thrown out of the burial-chambers by tomb-raiders. Judging from the surviving grave-goods, the burials in catacombs dated from the 4th c. AD. The burials in ground burial association I containing two burial-chambers are of somewhat later date and had also been looted in antiquity. The Levopodkumsky-1 kurgan cemetery with catacomb graves gives ground to shape an idea of how representatives of the Alanian culture first made their way into the Kislovodsk depression and of the initial stage of their settlement there,
which took place before the invasion of the Huns.
thanks to the presence of ditches of roughly square shapes and with baulks of various types. Starting out from the results of the magnetic survey, burial-mounds 1 and 2 were excavated, which had been erected over catacomb burials. In the entrance pits of the catacombs disturbed horse burials were found and also some of the grave-goods, which had been thrown out of the burial-chambers by tomb-raiders. Judging from the surviving grave-goods, the burials in catacombs dated from the 4th c. AD. The burials in ground burial association I containing two burial-chambers are of somewhat later date and had also been looted in antiquity. The Levopodkumsky-1 kurgan cemetery with catacomb graves gives ground to shape an idea of how representatives of the Alanian culture first made their way into the Kislovodsk depression and of the initial stage of their settlement there,
which took place before the invasion of the Huns.
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Terraced field systems are a feature of many regions of the world and have been dated as early as 6000 cal BC in the Levant (Kuijt et al. in Antiquity 81 (2007: 106–18)). The discovery of agricultural terraces in the northern Caucasus,... more
Terraced field systems are a feature of many regions of the world and have been dated as early as 6000 cal BC in the Levant (Kuijt et al. in Antiquity 81 (2007: 106–18)). The discovery of agricultural terraces in the northern Caucasus, reported here, extends their distribution into a new area. Relatively low population levels in the late medieval and early modern periods have preserved several blocks of terraced fields, some of them created at the beginning of the first millennium BC, others in the mid first millennium AD. The earlier terraced fields, associated with material and settlements of the Koban culture, culminated in over-exploitation of the land and exacerbated erosion during environmental change in the mid first millennium BC. The later series of terraced fields are of different form and are associated with the settlement in the area of communities of Alans in the first millennium AD. They largely avoided the areas rendered infertile by Koban period overexploitation. The morphology and chronology of the terraced field systems are explored using a combination of aerial photography, GIS analysis and field investigations.
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The article presents the results of GIS modelling on the agricultural holdings located around 130 fortified and unfortified settlements of the Kislovodsk basin. The investigation consisted of several stages in the course of which... more
The article presents the results of GIS modelling on the agricultural holdings located around 130 fortified and unfortified settlements of the Kislovodsk basin. The investigation consisted of several stages in the course of which territories of potential economic zones and ploughing areas were modelled for each settlement. It is assumed that during the 5th to 7th centuries AD, relatively flat territories (with a slope inferior to 10º) within one kilometer around the site, were the most valuable for agriculture. The rest of the economic area, simulated using Thiessen tessellation, could have been used for pasture and hay-making.
Such reconstruction is also based on the Caucasian ethnographic parallels, as well as the evidence of early medieval European agriculture. Those discoveries were recently made, during the combined archaeological and soil field investigation around fortified settlements in the valleys of Alikonovka, Berezovaja and Podkumok. Computer simulation of the potential economic territories gives a possibility to determine the area of proposed ploughing and pasture holdings, and to hypothetically prove the quantity of settled population along with their cattle. As a result, a modelling thesis of small dimension of the patronymic society of the Alans, who occupied these early medieval settlements, and the affirmation of self-sufficiency of their economy were confirmed. Social aspects of this model are laid out in the present research report.
Such reconstruction is also based on the Caucasian ethnographic parallels, as well as the evidence of early medieval European agriculture. Those discoveries were recently made, during the combined archaeological and soil field investigation around fortified settlements in the valleys of Alikonovka, Berezovaja and Podkumok. Computer simulation of the potential economic territories gives a possibility to determine the area of proposed ploughing and pasture holdings, and to hypothetically prove the quantity of settled population along with their cattle. As a result, a modelling thesis of small dimension of the patronymic society of the Alans, who occupied these early medieval settlements, and the affirmation of self-sufficiency of their economy were confirmed. Social aspects of this model are laid out in the present research report.
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The paper details the results of using a special GIS-module to analyze climatic changes in the Kislovodsk basin. The main method is a computer simulation of micro-climatic conditions within grid cells of 500 x 500 m taking into account... more
The paper details the results of using a special GIS-module to analyze climatic changes in the Kislovodsk basin. The main method is a computer simulation of micro-climatic conditions within grid cells of 500 x 500 m taking into account spatial and temporal changes in the global climate. The temperature of
the Atlantic Ocean was raised in simulation by approximately 0.8 °C, leading to the climatic changes probably characteristic of this region during the Early Middle Ages. Based on this climatic model, the climate indicator variables for each site could be estimated and a hypothetical Medieval climate reconstructed for archaeological sites. Two major inhabited zones in the Kislovodsk basin were identified according to the altitude of the settlements. The chief result of this simulation is the hypothesis that in the Early Middle Ages the populated zones of the basin were suitable for agriculture apart from cattle farming.
the Atlantic Ocean was raised in simulation by approximately 0.8 °C, leading to the climatic changes probably characteristic of this region during the Early Middle Ages. Based on this climatic model, the climate indicator variables for each site could be estimated and a hypothetical Medieval climate reconstructed for archaeological sites. Two major inhabited zones in the Kislovodsk basin were identified according to the altitude of the settlements. The chief result of this simulation is the hypothesis that in the Early Middle Ages the populated zones of the basin were suitable for agriculture apart from cattle farming.
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THIS ARTICLE CONCERNS the evolution of approaches to the archaeology of early medieval settlements in southern Russia. Over the last 70 years, a large amount of data have been collected, especially from sites related to the... more
THIS ARTICLE CONCERNS the evolution of approaches to the archaeology of early medieval settlements in southern Russia. Over the last 70 years, a large amount of data have been collected, especially from sites related to the Saltovo-Mayatsk culture on the Middle Don river. In this region, large-scale excavations since the 1930s have produced information about the types of settlements and dwellings, making it possible to suggest what the overall settlement pattern may have looked like. By way of contrast, the early medieval settlement archaeology in the North Caucasus is less developed even though its beginnings go back further. Sufficient data exist only about a few areas of the region, in particular Dagestan, the Taman’ peninsula, and the Kislovodsk basin. In the latter area, a new systematic approach to surveys of, and trial excavations on, early medieval settlements have led to the reconstruction of the complex settlement hierarchy of the 5th to 8th centuries AD involving central fortifications, enclosed villages and a system of watch-towers.
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The investigations conducted by the authors in the Kislovodsk basin in 2005–2010 have shown that in the 1st millennium AD the Alanic population used two types of agricultural plots: long narrow ploughable terraces on smooth slopes and... more
The investigations conducted by the authors in the Kislovodsk basin in 2005–2010 have shown that in the 1st millennium AD the Alanic population used two types of agricultural plots: long narrow ploughable terraces on smooth slopes and small rectangular or square plots with low stone walls as boundaries (types 2 and 3 of agricultural plots in the Kislovodsk basin). Analogies of such agricultural plots can be found in Europe (socalled lynchets and Celtic fields). The authors are of the opinion that the first type of agricultural plot could have existed in the first half of the 1st millennium AD or in the 10th–12th cc., and the second – in the 5th–8th cc. Instead of being an indicator of regression, the fact that in the middle of the 1st millennium AD the tools used for tillage became more primitive and the technologies of land farming became simpler appears to indicate how the population adapted to the new landscape.